Purified Water Distribution Systems
Aqua Solutions is one of the leading Manufacturer, Supplier and Exporter of Purified Water Distribution Systems
Aqua Solutions, for last 17 years is one of the prestigious organizations recognized as one of the Manufacturer, Distributors, Suppliers, Wholesaler, Traders, Retailers and Service providers in the field of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant. Aqua Solutions offers the latest concepts in purified water storage and supply systems.
Our offered products include Reverse Osmosis Plants, Sewage & Wastewater Treatment Plants, Water Filters & Membranes, etc., which are manufactured using optimum quality materials and modern machinery as per industry standards.
Purified Water Distribution Systems :
A Purified Water Distribution System (PWDS) is a network designed to store and circulate purified water from its generation point to various points of use (POUs) while maintaining water quality as per pharmacopeial standards (USP, EP, IP).
These systems are most commonly used in pharmaceutical and biotechnology manufacturing, where high-purity water is essential for formulations, cleaning, and equipment preparation.
Key Objective of Purified Water Distribution Systems :
Purified Water Distribution Systems ensure whether the purified water meets pharmacopeial standards (USP, EP, IP, JP) at all distribution points. They preserve chemical, microbiological, and particulate purity.
They prevent Contamination i.e. Avoid microbial growth, biofilm formation, and recontamination within the loop and use hygienic design, proper sanitization, and controlled temperatures. It provide continuous and reliable Supply by delivering the purified water at required flow, pressure, and quantity to all user points without interruption.
Purified Water Distribution Systems maintain System Integrity. It ensure a closed-loop system to prevent ingress of airborne or environmental contaminants. Use high-grade materials like SS 316L, orbit-welded piping, and sanitary fittings. Maintain distribution loop temperature (hot/cold) as per validation often 65–80°C in hot loops to inhibit microbial growth. It support thermal or chemical sanitization without damaging equipment and enable easy validation and documentation.
Purified Water Distribution Systems provide Consistent Water Circulation by maintaining turbulent flow (typically > 1–1.5 m/s) to prevent stagnation and microbial proliferation. It incorporate online instruments (TOC, conductivity, temperature, flow, pressure). Also support SCADA/automation for real-time control and trend analysis.
Purified Water Distribution Systems support Regulatory Compliance. Meet GMP, FDA, WHO guidelines for pharmaceutical water systems. Also provide traceability, documentation, and validation trails. It minimize operational costs and optimize energy, maintenance, and sanitization frequency and ensure long equipment life and efficient performance.
Working Principle of Purified Water Distribution Systems :
Purified Water (PW) Distribution Systems are designed to maintain the quality, microbial control, and consistent supply of purified water from its generation point to various points of use (POU) in pharmaceutical, biotech, and healthcare facilities.
The system ensures that the water remains within specified chemical and microbiological limits until it is consumed in manufacturing or cleaning processes.
Steps followed..
Purified water is first produced using treatment technologies such as RO (Reverse Osmosis), EDI (Electrode ionization), UF (Ultrafiltration), Distillation (less common for PW). This treated water enters the distribution loop with predefined quality parameters (conductivity, TOC, microbial count).
The PW storage tank plays a critical role: Vent filter (0.2 µm) prevents entry of contaminants. Spray ball / return line ensures continuous movement and mixing. Sanitary design prevents stagnation. Temperature control (typically 65–80°C for hot loops or ambient for cold loops) helps prevent microbial growth.
The core working principle is continuous circulation of water to avoid stagnation. Water flows through a sanitary pump into the distribution loop. Loop is designed as a full-flow, continuous circulation system (24×7). Velocity is maintained at > 1.2 m/s to prevent biofilm formation.
To prevent microbial growth, the system uses one of the following :
Hot Water Sanitization (HSPWD Loop) : Water is kept at 65–80°C during circulation / Sanitization Process. Periodic thermal sanitization maintains microbiological control.
Chemical Water Sanitization (CSPWD Loop) : Uses chemical sanitization (e.g., ozone, chlorine dioxide). UV lamps may be used to reduce microbial load.
System design prevents contamination: 316L stainless steel electropolished is used for piping. Orbital welding for smooth, crevice-free pipes. Sloped pipelines (1:100) to allow complete drainage. No dead legs: design follows 3D rule (< 3 × pipe diameter).
After circulating through all Points of Use (POU), the water returns back to the tank. It gets reheated/ recirculated and is continuously monitored and sampled. This closed-loop design ensures water quality remains intact.
Critical quality parameters are continuously monitored like Conductivity, TOC (Total Organic Carbon), Temperature, Flow rate and velocity, Microbial levels (periodic sampling) and Automated control via PLC/SCADA ensures compliance and alarms for deviations.
Types of Purified Water Distribution Systems :
Purified Water (PW) must be continuously circulated to maintain its microbiological quality and prevent stagnation. Based on design, flow pattern, and operating philosophy, PW distribution systems are classified into the following types:
- Continuous Recirculation Distribution System : This is the most widely used system in pharma.
- Dead-Leg Free Distribution System : Designed to eliminate dead legs (sections of pipe where water can stagnate).
- Gravity-Based Distribution System : Water is stored in an overhead tank and supplied under gravity.
- Pressurized Distribution System : Uses pumps to maintain pressure in the network.
- Hot Water Recirculation System : Special type of recirculating loop maintained at 65 - 80°C.
- Ozone-Sanitized Distribution System : Ozone is used for sanitization and microbial control in the loop.
- UV-Sanitized Distribution System : UV lamps are installed in the loop to control microorganisms.
- Point-of-Use (POU) Filtration Distribution System : Uses 0.2 µm sterile filters at each user point.
Purified Water Distribution Systems application industries :
Major industries where Purified Water Distribution Systems (PWDS) are widely used…
- Pharmaceutical Industry
- Healthcare & Hospitals
- Biotechnology & Life Sciences
- Food & Beverage Industry
- Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Microelectronics & Semiconductor Industry
- Chemical & Specialty Chemical Industry
- Research Laboratories & Testing Facilities
- Dairy & Milk Processing Industry
- Nutraceuticals & Ayurvedic Product Manufacturing
